Improvement for Students Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improvement for Students - Assignment Example Current practices in colleges for courses are that they welcome visitor speakers and they convey quickly about the point. Colleges can improve the example of leading workshops as courses are productive in giving information on the genuine corporate world which is very surprising from the understudy life (Education framework 'needs dire improvement'_(News) Article from Cape Times (South Africa) HighBeam Research). Ordinarily, visitor speakers in the courses are at the main post in the main organizations. An intuitive meeting of class can improve the standard of courses which can likewise help understudies when they enter proficient lives. Intuitiveness in courses can be made by conveying what speaker knows as well as by giving them genuine models and circumstances to think the proper behavior on those. Realistic books are somewhat funny books which have text dependent on the likings of adolescents and youths (Graphic Novels). Such books can likewise be considered as writing as they have stories like the books yet are introduced in an alternate composing style. These books are considered as writing as it comprise text identified with writing as it has the composed creation and has its own significance.

The Culture Of Pakistan An Interview With Sohail Shah Essays

The Culture of Pakistan: An Interview with Sohail Shah Prologue to Sociology, MTW 10am Mrs. Linda Cook February 15, 1995 I am constantly entranced with others' societies. The New York or Californian culture consistently astonishes me despite the fact that these states are in the United States. These territories of the country appear to be totally different than Texas. I don't have any companions that have as of late moved here from another culture along these lines, I set out to my local Stop N Go. The agents at this accommodation store are all from different nations. One assistant whom I have conversed with commonly, named Sohail Shah, consistently talked about Pakistan. I frequently tuned in to his accounts of being in the Karachi police power or of Pakistan's various traditions. Sohail Shah, a multi year old male assistant at the Stop N Go situated on North Braeswood close to Chimney Rock, has been in the United States for a long time. He moved here with his better half and two kids to get away from discipline. Sohail claims he was in the mystery police securing the president when numerous administr ative changes were made. A significant number of his collaborators were placed in prison for a long time for reasons he would not transparently talk about. He needs to maintain two sources of income since his significant other doesn't work. As indicated by Mr. Shah, she will never work. In Pakistan, ladies are to remain at home and bring up kids. As of now, Sohail is watching the heavenly month of fasting called Ramadan. This is seen during the ninth month of the Islamic year and is appointed by the Koran, the Islam heavenly book. The fasting starts each morning at first light and finishes promptly at dusk. Muslims can't eat, drink or smoke by any means. At night, ordinary exercises continue. The Islam driven culture of Pakistan shapes regular day to day existence. Every day, all Muslims implore multiple times. The first is before dawn, the second around early afternoon, the third in the late evening, the fourth following dusk, and the fifth before resigning and before 12 PM. They f ace the Kaaba, which is a little box in Mecca. Regardless of where a Muslim is, he will delay, face the East, and supplicate when the time has come. When Sohail lived in Pakistan, he lived in a house with his entire family. As a grown-up, he lived with his folks and kin just as his better half and kids. The house was enormous enough to suit more than fourteen individuals. All the ladies remained at home to keep up the house and get ready suppers. On the off chance that the ladies were to go to the market, they would totally cover themselves with the exception of their eyes. Ladies were not to be found openly without covers. Additionally, the spouses trust that their husbands will return home before eating. The Koran supports of polygamy, permitting up to four spouses. In the event that a Pakistani chooses to wed a subsequent spouse, his first wife must support of her. Shah says polygamy isn't extremely regular in Pakistan. A run of the mill day in Pakistan for Shah was to wake up be fore dawn and supplicate. His significant other would get ready breakfast for him before he left for work. He would leave for his police work when a defensively covered truck halted at his home. He was an official in the police power before being elevated to the mystery police. Shah rode around Karachi, the biggest city in Pakistan, in the truck with twelve other rifle conveying cops the whole day. Despite the fact that there is almost zero wrongdoing in Pakistan, the danger of fear based oppression keeps the police occupied. The wrongdoing circumstance depends on serious disciplines, for example, removal of a hand for taking. Moreover, the individuals of Pakistan have a solid still, small voice. Individuals leave their homes and organizations opened while away. When Sohail got back, his better half would eat effectively made for him and his whole family would eat when all the men came back from work. While the men are away, the ladies deal with the youngsters, heat bread, and make stoneware or crates to sell at the market. His huge family would then talk about various subjects of enthusiasm before resigning. I found that the memorial service plans are to some degree abnormal. To begin with, ladies may go to the wake when an individual kicks the bucket yet may not

Media events as holidays of mass communication

The writers presented media occasions as â€Å"the occasions of mass communication.† They acquainted the subject with the perusers by refering to late instances of what can be treated as media occasions. From a general review of the idea of such occasions, the writers at that point move towards furnishing the perusers with a perspective on what can be jumped at the chance to media occasions. Thusly, they depicted media occasions as â€Å"television ceremonies† or â€Å"festive televisions†, in this way calling attention to that media occasions look like the principle qualities of being happy, being likened to a festival, and considerably more like that of an extremely huge occasion for the broad communications. In the wake of giving the perusers a review of the portrayal of media occasions through discovering occasions that have highlights much the same as such, the creators at that point set the reason for the definite depiction and investigation on the idea of media occasions. Such was done through the foundation of the idea of TV sorts. In order to give the perusers an away from of the uniqueness of TV from different media devices, the creators presented the idea of TV classifications. The creators brought up that similarly that movies and print distributions are characterized, TV programs additionally have their own kinds. In any case, the ways by which the class of the films and print distributions are characterized, contrast from the example that TV sort order follows. TV kinds are not grouped by those highlights utilized in film type orders, for example, topics, plots, cinematography, setting, portrayals, and different components present in the film.â However, as expressed by Newcomb, the main individual to endeavor to arrange TV type, â€Å"television as a medium forces a component of familism on every one of the class which it has acquired from different media of mainstream culture.† Despite such trademark be that as it may, the characterization procedure for TV types doesn't likewise follow the class classification followed by print distributions, for example, the content, the point of the story, etc. All things considered, among the referenced arrangements of the TV classification which the creators referenced are the news and the dramas. In the later piece of their article be that as it may, the writers talk about the idea of media occasions in connection with its similitudes and distinction from news and the drama. The principal distinction of media occasion from other TV, as refered to by the creators was the way that media occasions are not normal. They are not much the same as the communicate news shows where a particular example is followed with respect to when the TV stays will show up and report and which portions will come after another. On account of media occasions, they include a wide scope of occasions it might be a wedding of a Royal sovereign, an arraignment preliminary of the President, the passing of a noticeable star, or any critical occasion that may request most extreme consideration and enthusiasm from people in general. Additionally, media occasions are conveyed as unconstrained occasions were anything can occur. The creators additionally refered to that media occasions request and get engaged consideration. They depicted media occasions as likened to an extreme â€Å"life stunner or stopper†, where the media men will by one way or another commit their time and exertion to a solitary occasion while the remainder of the news-whatever significant occasion that can be considered as such-will be taken as an auxiliary need. Thusly, media occasions are likewise portrayed as something which will at that point request the consideration of general society too. Additionally, the creators called attention to that media occasions interfere with the daily practice and they mediate with the ordinary progression of broadcasting. They refered to models where the typical line of shows was changed in order to offer path to the telecom of media occasions. Such act at that point accentuates the significance of the media occasions over the other TV types. This quality of media occasions is then overemphasized when at times; ordinary telecom is eventually suspended in order to oblige the media occasions. Another significant component of media occasions that the creators brought up was the way that such are conveyed in a monopolistic way more often than not. In that capacity, one can have the option to discover that something is a media occasion when its telecom attacks all the TV stations. Media occasions are likewise extraordinary in light of the fact that, as the creators expressed, they happen live and the occasions are transmitted as they happen. This presents a significant distinction from news and other TV programs, for example, dramas where the show is recorded. The creators additionally bring up that media occasions call for outside announcing. By this, we imply that mass correspondence is conveyed from an alternate scene depended of the media occasion itself. As such it is conveyed not from the typical examinations where mass correspondence is quite controlled and checked. In any case, it differentiation of its being extraordinary, the creators likewise site a component which makes it like different kinds the way that media occasions are regularly pre-arranged. This implies the occasions are reported and publicized before it really occurs. By and large nonetheless, the creators note that the fundamental contrasts of the media occasions are the way that they are given respect and function. For this situation, we can see that the creators neglected to make reference to the significance of such exceptional qualities what does these traits mean, and what are its effect on the watchers and to the entire broad communications industry also. Be that as it may, the creators made significant notes to contemplate as they expressed why such TV type ought to accomplish scholarly consideration. Among the numerous reasons they have expressed are as per the following: a. Media occasions draw in enormous crowds. Since the media occasions are conveyed in a manner that is profoundly enthusiasm getting, the watchers can't avoid however be connected to such. In any case, there are a few focuses when the way that it has huge crowds causes the occasion to qualify as a media occasion. Despite this chicken-egg situation be that as it may, media occasions ought to be contemplated in light of the fact that it gives looming impacts on an enormous gathering of open watchers. b. Media occasions cause us to understand the capability of electronic media innovation. As expressed before, media occasions are conveyed outside the studio, they are likewise not normal and all things considered, they fill in as a test for the media work force as well as for the broad communications innovation too. Such minutes test the productivity and the constraints of such. c. Media occasions cause us to understand that the media has the ability to frame its own informal organization. The capacity to frame an extraordinary interpersonal organization is viewed as an ever increasing number of individuals are slanted to be a piece of the media occasion. This informal community doesn't just include the broad communications work force and the real participants of the occasion, rather it includes those who get snared to their TVs just to watch the media occasion. d. Media occasions intrude on our life designs. By life designs, we mean that of the typical TV programs, yet the schedules in the lives of the watchers. Rather than going to social gatherings or watching motion pictures, or playing golf, the watchers who get stuck to watch media occasions does in any case from their arranged everyday exercises. e. Media occasions show the specialty of news coverage and TV broadcasting. Such occasions give everybody the brief look at news coverage and broadcasting at work, yet as tested. These occasions how the mechanics of genuine news-casting and request its a large portion also. f. Media occasions give the individuals a perspective on the past and what's to come. By this, we imply that media occasions some of the time request an expounded beware of the past in order to discover verifiable connects to the significant occasion. Beside that nonetheless, media occasions likewise permit us to evaluate the advancement of TV, in agreement to its importance to the life of the TV seeing society. In general, the creators presented the idea of media occasions by connecting it with different occasions that we are increasingly acquainted with. After the outline, a through portrayal of media occasions is conveyed as its likenesses and contrasts to other TV classifications are investigated. Towards the end, the creators at that point set up the significance of media occasions and the need to concentrate such. References: Dayan, Daniel and Katz, Elihu. Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992) Media Event. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. (Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000)

Macroeconomic Patterns And Monetary Policy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Macroeconomic Patterns And Monetary Policy? Answer: Introducation In the present situation, a precarious fall in the GDP of Australia can be clear over the most recent two years. Furthermore, the expansion in the degree of joblessness has made it hard for the Australian Government to oversee legitimate financial parity. The essential explanation behind the monetary downturn in Australia is the destruction in business speculation (Tuan, 2012). Besides, the administration spending shortages have become another significant issue for the Australian economy. In any case, Mr. Malcolm Turnbull brought a few activities to chop down government uses in all viewpoints. Because of the administration spending chop down, a reluctance to put resources into the nation can be apparent after the declaration of the approach. Later on, the Reserve Bank of Australia diminished the money rate in the nation so as to meet the emergency circumstance and advance business interest in the economy (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). It very well may be seen through the past inf ormation that the Reserve Bank of Australia has kept the official money rate at a notable low degree of 1.5 percent for successive 13 months. Based on the above data, the paper has been created to answer two significant focuses that are the effect of a fall in the loan cost over the business interest in the country and the delayed consequence of increment in business speculation over the total interest bend, value level and genuine GDP of the country. During the time of monetary downturn, the Central Banks of a large portion of the countries including diverse created just as creating nations have decreased the benchmark money rate so as to help the financial development and keep up soundness in the market. In a similar way, the activity taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to diminish the money rate to a noteworthy low of 1.5 percent can be considered as a fundamental piece of the financial strategy of the country (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2017). As indicated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2017), the RBA has trim down the financing cost from 4.25 percent in the year 2012 to 1.5 percent in the year 2016 (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017). Based on the loan cost cut in the Australian market, an expansion in the progression of cash can be found in the nation. A figure has been provided beneath so as to introduce the past five years loan cost of Australia for additional thought. Because of the fall in the financing cost, the expense of taking credit will diminish in the Australian market that will empower the business visionaries to low premium advances to put the cash in new organizations (Catala?n, Guajardo and Hoffmaister, 2008). Moreover, the low premium advances will expand the interest for credits that will additionally prompts increment in the progression of cash in the open market. Moreover, the fall in the financing cost prompts a decline in the arrival from bank investment funds (Catala?n, Guajardo and Hoffmaister, 2008). At the end of the day, the premium earned from investment accounts and fixed stores will diminish because of the fall in the money rate that will uphold the basic open to use their cash as business interests instead of keeping them in the financial balances. Henceforth, it very well may be seen that the fall in the loan fee prompts increment in the progression of cash that advances business interest in the economy. Besides, the fall in the loan fee empowers the business visionaries to take low intrigue credits that expansion the buying intensity of the purchasers. For example, if an individual gets low intrigue credits, the cost of an advantage become less expensive for the purchaser (Shaffer, 2017). The purchaser needs to pay less measure of cash when contrasted with the past sum with high financing cost. The expansion in the buying power expands the interest in the market and gives business development openings (Shaffer, 2017). Thus, it tends to be seen that the fall in the financing cost will expand the total interest in the market because of increment in the buying influence and authorize the little just as large business visionaries to put more cash in the market. The conversation has uncovered that lower pace of benchmark loan cost can increment generous interests in business in Australia. Accepting the idea, it is required to break down the effect of expanded business venture on accumulated interest bend, Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Price Level in the economy. In the fundamental area, the impact of the ascent in business speculation on the three previously mentioned financial angles has been shown giving a figure. Convincingly, higher business speculation because of lower loan cost will unquestionably expand the fiscal stream in the Australian economy. Plainly, higher interest in business will prompt higher pay status of the Australian residents. Because of the situation, the buying intensity of the everyday citizens will be supported (Phan, 2014). Obviously, the higher buying intensity of individuals will for the most part contribute towards move in accumulated interest bend towards the correct side. As appeared in above figure, the accumulated interest bend will be moved from AD to AD1 highlighting a development in totaled interest situation. Successfully, it very well may be expressed that expansion in capital stream and business speculation because of lower benchmark loan cost will impact the purchasing intensity of the Australian. Consequently, the totaled interest will increment. Be that as it may, as appeared in the above figure, collected flexibly of the economy will be steady in the m omentary period at AS. Regarding breaking down the impact of higher business speculation on Australian GDP, higher totaled interest will without a doubt bring about an expansion in accumulated utilization. Clearly, due ascent in utilization of merchandise and enterprises, the Gross Domestic Product of the economy will be helped (Scott, Rabanal and Kannan, 2009). As appeared in the above figure, the expansion in accumulated interest from AD to AD1 has in the long run contributed towards increment in the genuine GDP from Q1 to Q2. For better comprehension of the occasion, another hypothetical idea can be illustrated. Because of ascend in stream of capital, ordinary citizens will get more cash close by to spend. Subsequently, ascend in amassed request will impact higher genuine GDP of the country. Then again, the effect of the expansion business speculation on Price Level situation of the economy should be depicted. As indicated by the hypothetical idea of interest and gracefully, lower benchmark loan cost will mean noteworthy littler enthusiasm on getting. Henceforth, the expense of obtaining will be decreased for the business firms (Cobham, 2015). Enlivened by the situation, the organizations will acquire more cash from the money related establishments, for example, banks for business development and created. Subsequently, the financial stream in the market will be expanded in a monstrous manner. Because of the occasion, the accumulated cost level in Australian economy will essentially show an expansion (Fender, 2012). As outlined in the above figure, an expansion in the amassed request from AD to AD1 will prompt the ascent in the accumulated Price Level of items from P1 to P2. Besides, the expanded value level can cause ascend in swelling also. The whole investigation has uncovered that the choice of the RBA to keep up a lower benchmark loan cost can convey positive effect on the general financial status. Absolutely, affected by the lower pace of premium, the organizations and business associations will be urged to obtain more cash driving towards higher business condition. Aside from that, higher interest in market will give an expansion in the salary status of the Australian also. As a result of the situation, the individuals will be impacted to spend more and buy more. Decisively, the circumstance will prompt higher accumulated interest, Real Gross Domestic Product, and Price Level of Products in Australian economy. References Catala?n, M., Guajardo, J. furthermore, Hoffmaister, A. (2008).Global maturing and declining world loan fees. fourth ed. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute and European Dept. Cobham, D. (2015). Money related Analysis and Monetary Policy Frameworks: Introduction.The Manchester School, 83, pp.1-4. Bumper, J. (2012).Monetary strategy. third ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Forstater, M. (2016).Economics. fifth ed. London: A. C. Dark. Phan, T. (2014). Yield Composition of the Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism: Is Australia Different?.Economic Record, 90(290), pp.382-399. Hold Bank of Australia. (2017).Cash Rate | RBA. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/measurements/money rate/[Accessed Oct. 2017]. Scott, A., Rabanal, P. what's more, Kannan, P. (2009).Macroeconomic Patterns and Monetary Policy in the Run-up to Asset Price Busts. third ed. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Shaffer, L. (2017).Reserve Bank of Australia keeps benchmark rate unaltered at 1.5 percent. [online] CNBC. Accessible at: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/04/hold bank-of-australia-keeps-benchmark-rate-unaltered at-1-5-percent:- reuters.html [Accessed Oct. 2017]. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Australia Interest Rate | 1990-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/financing cost [Accessed Oct. 2017]. Tuan, B. (2012). Money related Policy Surprises and Interest Rates: Evidence from Australia.SSRN Electronic Journal.

Reaction Paper Title Page Essay

â€Å"The music is surrounding us, you should simply listen.† August Rush a 2007 dramatization movie coordinated by Kirsten Sheridan and composed by Paul Castro, Nick Castle, and James V. Hart, and delivered by Richard Barton Lewis. Music has been a piece of our lives since essential occasions. Without a doubt, it has contacted us at any rate once. The vast majority would concur that music is the thing that encourages somebody to feel good or just to change one’s disposition. Indeed, various looks into have just discovered an assortment of advantages that it can bring. Favorable circumstances in the tactile zone just as in the passionate and intellectual ones are the most intriguing points that this present paper will dissect. In this manner, one could comprehend and give a lot of significance to Music in day by day life. The tangible zone includes everything identified with faculties and contact is one of them. As per Forgeard, 2008; Hyde, 2009; Schlaug et al., 2005; â€Å"Music upgrades fine engine aptitudes. Engine work is the capacity to utilize little, intense muscle developments to compose, utilize a PC, and perform other physical exercises basic for study hall learning. The pieces of the cerebrum related with tactile and engine work are created through music instruction†. This assists with seeing how significant is music in the engine aptitudes growing particularly in youngsters. One may obviously see how troublesome playing an instrument is; notwithstanding, with training it gets simpler. Henceforth, engine aptitudes are created. Youngsters would turn out to be better in little developments like composition if playing an instrument is in their lives. Let us tackle on another advantage, feelings are a piece of anyone and music may assist us with changing them relying upon the circumstance. For instance, when individuals need to feel loose, one thing they do is simply play some music. A few people consider music as a loosening up instrument in any zone like work, school, home, and so on. For example, Jolkoyski calls attention to that â€Å"Music gives delight and communicates subtleties of passionate life for which there are no words†. Without a doubt; the beat, verses, voice, song or just the sound of any bit of music causes an individual to feel in a better place where nothing else exists. At that point, by tuning in to music one can enter to an own reality. Given that music moves feelings, it likewise impacts state of mind. There ought to be constantly a tune which can change one’s demeanor. Hence; when somebody isn't sufficiently quiet; a delicate tune like an old style one can move it into unwinding. In any case, it relies upon people’s likes since others could feel quieted with various type. As per Bridget O’Connell â€Å"The impact of various kinds of music on mind-set will to a great extent rely upon people’s singular inclination and experience† all relies upon what individuals are into or love. At that point, music helps a great deal when feelings are included. To the equivalent expand, music assumes a significant job in the psychological zone. Inquires about have built up that a wide range of procedures in the cerebrum can be created through music. â€Å"There’s some great neuroscience explore that youngsters engaged with music have bigger development of neural movement than individuals not in music preparing. When you’re a performer and you’re playing an instrument, you must utilize a greater amount of your brain,† says Dr. Eric Rasmussen, seat of the Early Childhood Music Department at the Peabody Preparatory of The Johns Hopkins University. Actually, one can without much of a stretch become great at specific exercises if music frames some portion of his life. Accordingly, music ought to be remembered for all spots with the goal that insight could wake up in a solid manner. By a similar token, Professor Nina Kraus, chief of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University brings up â€Å"To figure out how to peruse, you have to have great working memory, the capacity to disambiguate discourse sounds, make sound-to-significance associations, every last one of these things truly is by all accounts fortified with dynamic commitment in playing a melodic instrument.† Then one can say that music helps our cerebrum and the subjective zone truth be told. Subsequently, various viewpoints in the intellectual advancement can be improved when music shows up. To summarize, music will consistently shape some portion of our lives. Great focal points could be taken in the event that one notification how valuable music is. Great tangible, feelings or psychological would be its aftereffects. Therefore, music ought to be in us since we are aware of it and afterward anybody can be advantage of it. References http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/10/early-music-exercises have-long-term benefits/http://www.sheknows.com/child rearing/articles/814331/10-reasons-why-your-kid should-play-an instrument-1 http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/solid living/prosperity/medical advantages of-music.htm http://www.pbs.org/guardians/training/music-expressions/the-benefits-of-music-instruction/http://www.aep-arts.org/wp-content/transfers/2012/08/Music-Matters-Final.pdf

Deciding to Change Your Major

Deciding to Change Your Major When I was in your shoes as an admitted student my senior year of high school, I was 100% confident in my major. I knew exactly what I wanted to do. Yup. That was me. Come to find out? I was wrong. I changed my major 3 times. Yes, I still graduated on time. Yes, I’m glad I did change my major.  But ultimately, I found out  it’s okay to change your mind. Whether you are reconsidering your choice of major now, planning to explore your options once on campus, or hoping to find a new passion in a class outside of your major, there are steps you can take to find what you were truly meant to do. My biggest piece of advice: talk with your academic advisor. They’re here to help you! You’ll be required to meet with them once a semester, but don’t be afraid to meet with them more than that. The Office of the Provost has a guide for the Intercollegiate Transfer Process that breaks it down by college and major for you. Keep in mind, each college has their own requirements (think: GPA, required classes, etc.) so itll be important to refer to their guide while picking classes. The process of switching your major is going to be different depending on which college youre switching from and which college to. For instance, the College of Business only takes transfer students in the spring of your freshmen year. On the other hand, to transfer to the College of Engineering, you first need to apply to the PREP, Pre Engineering, Program, and from there declare your chosen major. You can read more about the PREP Program and the process on this blog. Changing your major is fairly common on campus, but its not something that will happen overnight. Generally, youll need to stay in the major you were admitted to for your first year on campus. Dont worry! Youll still be able to take classes towards your new major. One last thing! Interested in changing your major now? Call Admissions first. You have the option to submit a Program Change Form through your myIllini account to be considered for a new major on campus. By doing so, youre forfeiting your admission to your current program with no guarantee you will be accepted to the new program youre applying for. At this point, youll be considered a late applicant. Call our office, and well help walk you through the process of what your best next steps should be. Hannah Admissions Counselor I grew up just 30 minutes north of Champaign-Urbana and am a recent graduate of Illinois. As a former Pathway student, I understand the challenges of adapting to life at both a community college as well as a four-year institution. Whatever you're wondering about, I'll help you out!

Good Sample Essay On Primary Prevention Of Dyslipidemia

Natural Therapies Institute In Depth Cardiology: Primary Prevention Of Dyslipidemia - Role Of Non-Drug Therapy Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality the world over. Major risk factors include total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and cigarette smoking. Every major risk factor deserves clinical attention. Underlying risk factors include atherogenic diets, obesity, physical sedentariness and genetic predisposition. In issuing guideline organizations usually give importance to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) consequently giving pharmacological solutions more weightage. Drug therapy alone may not be the most relevant solution in primary prevention. Most investigators agree that atherosclerosis is mainly a lifestyle issue. International atherosclerosis society (ISA) position paper on Global Recommendations for The Management of Dyslipidemia full report rightly emphasizes the importance of non-drug primary preventive measures. IAS Primary Prevention Recommendations To reduce load of ASCVD world over, new onset disease must be dealt with effectively. Central emphasis of preventing ASCVD must be decreasing LDL-C and maintaining it low over the life span. The IAS guidelines include dietary factors to limit LDL raising lipids; high intake of fruits, vegetables and fiber; replace saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids; omega3 rich fish; and low sodium, high potassium diets. It also limits processed meats, sugar beverages, sweets, grain based desserts, bakery foods and alcohol intake; decrease total fat; rationalize total calories; obesity control; and complete cessation of tobacco. IAS favors using lifestyle interventions for unhealthy life habits. Drugs are reserved for higher risk patients. Conclusion Main target of primary prevention of dyslipidemia is reduction of atherogenic cholesterol. Secondary target is to decrease other risk factors. It is valid that ASCVD risk will be decreased by cholesterol lowering therapy in the presence of all other risk factors. Risk factors of non-lipid variety can fast track atherogenesis or prompt thrombotic events. IAS recommendations for cholesterol lowering therapy at different risk levels include Maximal Lifestyle Therapies (MLT) for each risk level. Cholesterol Lowering Drug (CLD) therapy is usually reserved for patients with moderately high or high risk level. This author agrees with IAS recommendations that in primary prevention trying to treat non lipid risk factors with LDL lowering alone will be insufficient. This will fail to achieve the benefits obtained by therapy directed at non-lipid risk factors.Expert admission essay writing service - get your essays written by professional application essay writer.

The Financial Crisis Of 2008 - 1265 Words

The financial crisis of 2008 was one of the largest financial meltdown rivaling the Great Depression. In response to this crisis, Dodd Frank was created to regulate and fix the issue that occur. However Dodd Frank itself is a large legislation, consisting of 848 pages, bigger than all the past financial legislation combine. One of the major reason is that the financial crisis of 2008 has several factors that led up to it, whether it be speculative investment, and risky trades made by the company, or that most financial institution during that time period were extreme leverage by debt leading to a lack of liquidity when financial meltdown began. Dodd Frank attempt to tackle these problems, and among the many the Volcker Rule attempt†¦show more content†¦The ban on proprietary trading by commercial bank would probably have done nothing to mitigate the financial crisis, it did however add fuel to the fire. Simply before the crisis many banks were making speculative investment using the depositor money, many of which these trades is not for the customer benefits rather only for profit. Most commercial banks are back by the FDIC, which give the incentive for the traders and bank to think if the trade goes well then the profit is massive, however if the trade goes wrong it back up by the FDIC or the tax payer essentially. Basically banks has to incentive to make these speculative investment. It a form of moral hazard, it a behavior that does not benefit the customers at all, and it raises concerns to what kind of trades or investment would banks make in pursuit of profits. When the time came, the financial meltdown many banks didn’t have enough capital to stay alive, or wouldn’t want to lent capital to others because in fear of never getting pay back. This made the crisis even worst, resulting in a bail out by the government meaning the FDIC and taxpayers are left to pick u p the bills for the bad trades made by the banks. Thus the Volcker Rule is a partial repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999, which removed the barrier between investment banking and commercial banks, which made it easier for the latter to make large scale speculative trades. The rule will disallow shot-term proprietaryShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 20081384 Words   |  6 PagesThe turmoil in the financial markets also known as the financial crisis of 2008 was considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Many areas of the United States suffered. The housing market plummeted and as a result of that, many evictions occurred, as well as foreclosures and unemployment. Leading up to the financial crash, most of the money that was made by investors was based on people speculating on investments like real estate, stocks, debt buying, and complex investmentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. The 2008 economic crisis rocked the global economy for the worst, and to this day the United States is tryi ng to recover from the impact that the crisis had. In order to understand why exactly the banks failed people have to understand the subprime mortgageRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081817 Words   |  8 PagesThe financial crisis of 2008 did not arise by chance. The meltdown was precipitated by systematic striping away of the New Deal era policies of bank regulation. 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The financial crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression; ultimately coalescing into the largest bankruptcies in world history--approximately 30 million people lost their jobs, trillions of dollars in wealth diminished, and millions ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081689 Words   |  7 PagesOur society seems to doing well since the financial crisis of 2008. The country is recovering from the Great Recession, unemployment is down and the global domestic product is up. People have jobs and are paying taxes. President Obama lowered our budget deficit and promised to make healthcare more available to all. On average, America is well on its way to recovery. But what about the people that slipped through the cracks of the financial stimulus pl an? 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Can American People Develop Intimate Relationships Online

Can American People Develop an Intimate and Romantic Relationship Online? Amariche Hawkins University of Southern California Introduction Imagine a scenario where a man has created a Facebook profile and structured his online persona in a way that showcases what he believes to be his best attributes. He shares posts about his love for sports, cooking and literature. Over a short period of time, a young lady sees his profile and is intrigued by all the things that he has shared about himself publicly. She reaches out to him via a private message and over a period of time, of texting and sharing pictures, the two begin to build a relationship. This scenario is not uncommon. In fact 41% of American people said they knew of someone who†¦show more content†¦Americans can log in to their favorite social media platform or dating app and begin to immediately dialogue with anyone that is a reflection of one’s personal ideals and culture. The argument that community has increased still does not answer the question whether or not a true intimate relationship can take place with someone, who is not there physically. It was once thought that people who develop intimate relationships have to be from the same social class. However, when one presents their online identity, impression management allows everyone to dictate what they choose to share. It is believed by some researchers that the introducing of a new relationship starts out as being impersonal and the more one shares, the further the relationship develops thereby becoming hyper personal. Does that mean quantity of information that is passed back and forth between two parties have more significance than quality time or physical time spent in front of each other? One theorist has developed a theory based on this assumption. Joseph Walther is credited for developing a theory called Social Information Processing Theory which is a derivative of Media Richness theory founded by Richard L. Daft and Robert H. Lengel. Walther wanted to understand how relationships were being created online and if r eal intimacy can be achieved. There is some problems in definingShow MoreRelated Online Relationships Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Relationships Cyberspace relationships have the advantages of time, distance depletion, and fantasy abilities (Suler). Internet users can take on different identities or take part in fantasy games. They can become someone else. James Katz and Philip Aspen report that the Internet is a place to make friends and stay in touch with far away relatives (Stoll). It makes distance disappear. Also, online a person is given time before they must respond to the other person (Suler). They are givenRead MoreAnalysis Of Cornel West, An American Philosopher And Political Activist1444 Words   |  6 Pagessociety in which everything is for sale. Everybody is for sale, so there is ubiquitous commodification.† This quotation by Cornel West, an American philosopher and political activist, conveys the widespread objectification of human beings in our society. The narrow, traditional image of prostitution has experienced a dramatic shift in the post-industrial American society. Sex workers are not automaticall y considered to be from low-income, marginalized groups, and instead, they have come to also includeRead MoreCulture And Technology : Introduction1317 Words   |  6 Pagesintricate relationship that forms a symbolic circle of influence. â€Å"There is no real starting or end points within the circle – both technology and culture continue to influence each other as they develop and change over time† (Burley). In this paper I will concentrate on how technology interrelates with culture, analyzing how particular people’s relationships with their environment gave rise to particular technologies and how those technologies in turn influenced these society’s relationships with theirRead MoreThe World of Cyberspace and its Effects on Social Relationships2046 Words   |  9 Pagesit influences professional, intimate, and cordial relationships. Although many spectators are convinced that society’s frequent use of cyberspace has taken a turn down the wro ng path, cyberspace has opened up many opportunities for professional relationships to establish, such as the relationship between Facebook usage and an increase in work values in Taiwan (Lin, Le, Khalil, Cheng, 2012). However, contradictory results suggest that heavy use of the internet by people may be a factor of producingRead MoreRonald Reagan - Psychological Eval1080 Words   |  5 PagesHe has been called the most significant President of the 20th century. Ronald Reagan’s devotion to the American people and his unwavering commitment to managing both domestic and foreign affairs with sincerity, composure and efficiency provided a beacon of hope in an era that was marked by economic turmoil on the homefront and an impending threat of nuclear war. An analysis of Reagan’s life history, from a psychological standpoint, seeks to reveal the significant factors and influential events thatRead MoreAn Inside Look at 0nline Dating Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Da ting Online website allows individuals to contact and communicate with others through the Internet each. It follows the sociological principle of social networking. The quest of love has inspired people to invest in much thoughts and efforts in the process of building a romantic relationship. Thus, online dating becomes a popular tool for building a relationship or starting a relationship nowadays. In addition, in order to accomplish the goal of finding the perfect partner there are manyRead MoreGeneration, Marriage, And Social Media1669 Words   |  7 Pagesself-actualization, and maximum psychological wellbeing (Finkel, 2015). With the recent legalization of gay marriage, greater numbers of Millennials will be tying the knot in the coming years and taking on the challenging task of maintaining deeply fulfilling relationships in a time of unprecedented distraction. To be effective in working with this generation, marriage and family therapists must understand the role technology will pl ay in supporting or hindering intimacy and commitment in millennial marriages. Read MoreEffects of Technology on Relationships1922 Words   |  8 PagesYana Feldman Professor Ebersole Analytical Reading and Writing 0802 November 2, 2010 Advances in Communication and Intimate Relationships Instant digital and online communication of the modern world influences love and courtship in relationships. The generations of today allow their interpersonal relationships to be formed and shaped according to the technology that is offered. This is one of the many important matters that are influenced by technology. Technology is manipulating the world withRead MoreHow Has Sexualization Affected Family? Essay3105 Words   |  13 Pagesexpression (Collins English Dictionary, 2013). Faced with a preconceived notion of what the average male and female are to physically look like and be treated as, sexuality have affected five specific areas; Media, Males, Females, Intimate Relationships and child- parent relationships. The secondary sources used for this Literary Review are a balanced mix of Internet journal articles and scholarly book research. Media Social Media is the 21st Century way of sending and receiving information the quickestRead MoreFacebook Can Be Thought Of As Antibiotics1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way people communicate, connect, relate and do business. What doctors, researchers and consumers did not know in 1945 was that, overuse and reliance of antibiotics and use without probiotic precaution would create resistant strains of viruses that would be even harder to cure. My proposal is that Facebook faces the same fate but on the psychosocial level. Just as antibiotics have given millions of people the ability to survive illnesses previously fatal, Facebook gives millions of people an opportunity

The Effects Of Video Games On Youth s Social And Communal...

Kahne, et al (2008) statically did an experiment to examine the effect of video games on youth’s social and communal activities. The results showed that the youth that have ever played some social video games had more social and political capability than people who never played social video games. Among young gamers, 63% people have heard or seen â€Å"people becoming mean and more aggressive while playing violent games†, 49% people have heard or seen â€Å"people becoming hateful, racist and violent while playing violent games† and more people, 78% people, have witnessed â€Å"people becoming more generous and helping while playing†. Most violent computer games experiments share similar methodologies. Most experiments as described in â€Å"evidences for†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Violent video games do not have negative effects on all kinds of people. Markey P.M. and Markey C.N. (2010) suggested that violent video games only cause violent behaviors on people who had a previous temperament, such as high neuroticism, low agreement, or low creditableness. Besides, violent computer games may lead to aggression for some people, but in most cases, computer games do not cause violence in real-life. They also indicated that violent computer games do not incite violence, unless a person has certain personality traits. The Attorney General’s Office of Australia (2010) reported that the meta-analysis of Anderson, et al (2010) was a significant scientific debate, but violent video game causes aggression had not been proven or disproven. The Attorney General also indicated some confounders such as: 1. Social and political controversy about the topic. 2. Lack of agreement about definitions and measures of aggression, violence and violent video games. 3. Lack of measures of aggression and unclear of violent behavior. 4. Studies and researches may not be long enough and experimental objects may not be enough to get clear conclusions. Heart Rate experiment from Carnagey, Bushman and Anderson (2006) was also criticized because it was used to measure the level of aggression. Adachi and Willoughby (2011) conducted a study to examine

Essay On Diversity In The Workplace - 842 Words

Whats Happening in the Boardroom: Examining Diversity in the Boards of the Social Sector Introduction From Hollywood to the the social sector, diversity, rather the lack thereof, has been a topic of conversation. Although many organizations have begun to advocate for diversity, more work must be done. Across the social sector,women and people of color remain severely underrepresented in leadership positions. Organizations must become intentional about creating a diverse workforce and implementing inclusive policies that foster positive work environments. When employees feel represented and included they are happier and more likely to contribute to fulfilling the organizations mission. The purpose of a non-profit organization is often†¦show more content†¦As nonprofit boards have the responsibility of solving complex issues and a diverse array of problems it would be auspicious to ensure boards employ individuals with a diverse backgrounds/points of view to arrive at creative solutions. Unfortunately, that is not happening in board rooms across the social sector. BoardSource, the recognized leader in nonprofit board leadership, conducts a biannual study, Leading with Intent: A National Index of Nonprofit Board Practices. The study gathers information from chief executive officers and board chairs about board practices, performance, and composition. According to BoardSource 2015 Leading with Intent report of nonprofit boards, 89% of CEOs identified as white. When surveyed again in 2017, the statistic remained the same, 89% of CEOs identified as white. This suggest a lack of diversity within nonprofit boards and the process to change will be slow. With the data from the Leading With Intent survey it is difficult to refute the diversity gap, but why does it matter? There is a positive correlation between diverse workplaces and employee engagement; increased productivity, company morale, and higher retention rates. When employees are engaged they are more likely to feel personally invested in the success of the organization. There is also evidence that diverse groups arrive at more creative solutions thanShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diversity in the Workplace1258 Words   |  6 Pages Diversity in the workplace is a subject that has gained increased attention in the workplace over the past few years. After all, the impact of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity programs on the nations work force is undeniable. Women and minorities were the first to dramatically alter the face of the economic mainstream, while gays, persons with disabilities and senior citizens followed not far behind. The result is a diverse America n labor force representing a microcosm of ourRead MoreEssay Workplace Diversity1577 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity is the uniqueness which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. Examples of differences include nationality, belief, disabilities, physical appearance, race, gender, age, educational background, sexual orientation, and work experience, social and family status. At the workplace, valuing diversity means creating a work environment that respects and includes individual variation by maximizing the potential of all employees or in which every employee feelsRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity refers to human qualities that are different from our own and those of groups to which we belong; but that are manifested in other individuals and groups. Dimensions of diversity include but are not limited to: age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities / qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational back ground, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, parental status, religious beliefs, work experience, and job classification. (Foothill-De Anza Community CollegeRead More Diversity in the Workplace Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living in a country where it was founded by immigrants, diversity is everywhere you go especially in the workplace. There are many types of diversity; ethnicity, gender, religion and age just to name a few. Working in a diverse organization it can give you a taste of the real world, and what you will deal with wherever you go. There is so much diversity in the world today so it is a benefit to experience it in the workplace as well. You are given the chance to learn so many things from differentRead MoreEssay on Workplace Diversity1262 Words   |  6 PagesProject Teams and â€Å"Workplace Diversity† Charles Baker June 21 2013 CIS 3317 Mr. Kevin Jetton Overview As I have been designated as the Project Leader/Manager of the new information technology system that is currently being developed, it is my duty to bring together the partner firms as to support and stimulate the swift and thorough development of this new technology. Due to the high level of expertise of this German firm, we have selected them to partner with us as we beginRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Essay2208 Words   |  9 Pages135 Workplace Diversity As our economy becomes increasingly global, our workforce becomes increasingly diverse. Today, corporate structures are involved in globalizing. Markets and market shares are more dynamic, and the workplace is increasingly more integrated. Companies are now investing in diversity management as they are now managing a global workforce. However, with the education and training on diversity for both the employer and the employees, many workers believe that workplace biasRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay2595 Words   |  11 PagesRunning head: IMPACT OF DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE McCann School of Business and Technology Janet Miller BU115 Customer Service Instructor’s Name: Mr. Andrew Roth Assignment Issue Date: April 28, 2010 Assignment Due Date: May 10, 2010 Outline Introduction to Diversity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Impact of Diversity in the Workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Why is diversity beneficial to a business? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 What are the legal risks? .......................Read MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity in a Workplace Discrimination are more common in workplaces, because some people only think of discrimination as making a distinction and judgment of a person based on color of skin. 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Today’s leaders are now confronted with the challenges of how to effectively manage the work force that is increasing in the diverse lines of ethnicity, physical abilityRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay examples1414 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract This paper is aimed at providing a framework for discussion of diversity and how it pairs with demographic characteristics. It is divided into four parts. Part I represents diversity in the workforce, which reflects the rational of organizations and how they handle diversity in the occupations of their workers. Parts II characterize diversity and age, as it responds to the fact that older people have the skill set to keep them working well past retirement age. Part III denotes religion

Human Resources †Knowledge Workers Free Essays

string(134) " and likewise the worker should not expect too much from the firm, hence the need for contracts to get an understanding of the needs\." Human Resources Management Coursework – Manjeet Singh – 7637434 The Question: â€Å"Examine the claim that the management of knowledge workers requires the development of human resource practises that are more suited to the particular characteristics of these workers and their jobs† Introduction The term â€Å"knowledge worker† was first used by Peter Drucker in â€Å"Landmarks of Tomorrow† in 1959. A knowledge worker is someone who specialises in a specific field as they possess certain knowledge which has been accrued through specific courses or experience in relevant activities, they usually have some sort of accreditation or documentation to certify that they have accrued this knowledge. They are typically well educated, and with the application of their knowledge it aids them to solve problems for an organisation and it is through problem solving that value is added for the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources – Knowledge Workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as problem solving, knowledge workers are also involved in innovation, re-engineering, training etc. although there are certain tasks which would require knowledge workers with specific specialities. Knowledge workers are seen as a crucial asset as with application of their knowledge it can determine the success and reputation of the organisation. â€Å"The most valuable assets of a 20th-century company were its production equipment. The most valuable asset of a 21st-century institution, whether business or non-business, will be its knowledge workers and their productivity. (Drucker, 1999, P135) This quote highlights the fact that we are moving away from the traditional mentality that wealth was based on the amount of resources an organisation held in its possession, and more towards how we handle knowledge workers and attain this knowledge. Knowledge workers attract higher banded salaries, with enhanced levels of autonomy in comparison to the normal employee. As a result th e turnover of Knowledge workers is typically high, because they are aware of the fact that the knowledge that they possess is of great need and importance to the organisation. In many cases the knowledge that these workers have allows the organisation to establish a competitive advantage over their rivals, which is why they are willing to pay the generous salary of these workers. If the workers are not kept happy, then it is easy for them to just move to a different organisation or hold back on the knowledge that they provide for the company. In addition, as the levels of autonomy are high this means that here is an element of self-government, and they have a high amount of freedom, for example they can work from home, this then decreases the amount of control that a firm has over a knowledge worker. Within this report I wish to discuss the different factors that would result in the need for different HR practices for knowledge workers. I will then also highlight which characteristics these workers possess that sets them apart from their colleagues at the organisation where they work and how the characteristics affect the HR practices. As these workers are of such importance to the organisation, they try their best to keep these workers at the organisation and as their job description differs vastly in comparison to the typical employees, this highlights the need for adaptation in the HR practices that are implemented by the firm as typical employees can be replaced rather easily, through the normal recruitment procedures, however, with knowledge workers, they add value for the organisation, thus, changes would have to be made to keep them happy at the organisation, whilst performing at an acceptable level. What are the benefits a Knowledge Worker receives? The main technique where we can identify a knowledge worker is by highlighting the benefits that they receive in comparison to normal workers. According to Lowendahl (1997), these workers are offered high remuneration and substantial autonomy, this simply means that there is no one overlooking them constantly and they are highly paid in comparison to others. Knell (2000) Pink (2002), also describe these workers as â€Å"free workers†, this would mean that for them there is a lot more choice as to what they can do. As they hold all the knowledge which is valuable, it usually means that these workers are a lot less reliant on the organisation that employs him. In addition to this, it is because these workers have access to knowledge and it is them that control it, this then enables them to control the flow of the knowledge, this would mean that they need to be kept happy in order to make sure that the flow of information is suffice and of value to the company. As a result of this, knowledge workers are also offered a lot more freedom in comparison to other workers. As described above, Knowledge workers are offered many benefits due to how aluable they are to the organisation, however, there are challenges that are then forced on HR with the benefits that they offer to these workers. I will now describe these below and show examples of changes and alterations that have been made either for the attracting, motivating or retention of knowledge workers. HRM challenges as an effect of these Knowledge Workers As Knowledge workers are offered such attractive advantages due to the nature of their work, this impacts the normal practices that are in place by HRM. Therefore, managing these Knowledge workers can be challenging for HRM. These include: Firstly, we can look at the work organisation; this has a major impact on the motivation and productivity of the knowledge worker. If the environment and the organisation is structured in a way that the knowledge worker doesn’t like then this could have a high negative effect on the company, as they need environments where they are comfortable and more importantly a place that offers them new challenges. Another challenge is the constantly changing psychological contract, this is where there are unwritten obligations and expectations that are out of the written contract of the knowledge worker. The firm should not expect too much of the worker and likewise the worker should not expect too much from the firm, hence the need for contracts to get an understanding of the needs. You read "Human Resources – Knowledge Workers" in category "Papers" Thirdly, if the knowledge workers have more than one employer, it is difficult to ensure that these knowledge workers stay loyal. The factor of opportunism can arise here as the knowledge worker would not take into consideration how them leaving or not being productive, can affect the company, instead they will just focus on the benefits that they can take advantage of. Due to the autonomy that is offered to these workers, monitoring the productivity and motivating the workers is difficult for the organisation. These workers also have varied desires as some of them go for the more short-term incentives, like money and freedom of work, or some tend to focus on building their career, and it is a must for them to work with well recognised clients. One of the biggest challenges that they face is the challenge of retaining these workers as turnover of these workers is significantly high in comparison to other workers. So it is critical that the HR department devise correct and well suited practices to make sure that these workers are content. The management of the knowledge is important because the knowledge is held by the workers and it is important to make sure that the flow of this knowledge is not restricted by any other factors that can be controlled or altered by the firm. The knowledge that they have also needs to be up to date as out-dated knowledge would not add maximum value for the organisation. Defining who owns the knowledge at question is also a challenge for the organisation as there are always boundaries which are often unclear and vague, they would need to know this so that they can clearly see how much knowledge the worker can dedicate to the firm. Also as a result of the worker having the knowledge with them, there is also always the threat of them going away and setting up their own firms and as they typically work with clients directly, they could take the clients with them to their own firm. As all these challenges to HRM have been described and highlighted I believe it also reveals the need for the differentiated HR practices for these workers as they vary massively to normal workers. Different contexts and organisations The dependency between the knowledge workers and the organisation also varies largely to normal workers as the firm itself is a lot more dependent on the knowledge workers. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003) suggest that this is because of knowledge workers changing the typical trend of the firm owning all the knowledge. In addition, the work process also differs making the firm more dependent on the workers. An example of this is where the knowledge is at the core of the company so that would mean the knowledge worker would usually be the main source of this knowledge. The knowledge worker is at the centre of the business but this is collaborated with the reputation of the firm and working closely with the worker to main a strong relationship which is strategically vital in that particular type of industry. As a result of this type of relationship and strategic collaboration, this would mean that both parties involved would be highly dependent on each other as the firm would not have the knowledge they require to do business as the knowledge is with the workers but the worker would need the resources, brand reputation and the clients that the firm has. Pink (2002) describes this as â€Å"substantial interdependency† as they are both reliant on each other. The only way this dependency can be reduced is by using knowledge management and outlining boundaries and expectations from both parties. It is important to look after these workers, as if the workers leave then the value created will also leave with them. It is also difficult within this type of industry to determine how much the knowledge worker did or is needed to add value as it is tacit knowledge, which is hard to measure. Knowledge work also influences the network of the organisation as in traditional employment, there is usually a hierarchy which is implemented and all who are involved in this will adhere and follow this hierarchy (Williamson, 1975). However, with knowledge work hierarchies won’t work due to the power differences that will be incurred as a result of the hierarchy. With knowledge work it is all about being in the correct networks and building a portfolio of careers (Castells, 2000). This gives them the freedom to go out and expand their knowledge base and they can progress within their career at their own will. It is the responsibility of the organisation to provide the workers with clients that are well recognised to keep them happy and motivated, as it would challenge them more and allow them to utilise their knowledge to their maximum potential. This is very good for the knowledge worker, however it poses a threat to the firm as they can potentially, take the clients with them if they were to leave because they could have formed a strong bond due to the high level of autonomy that they are granted, thus meaning that the organisation won’t know how close they are. For this reason it is important to evaluate the level of autonomy that is offered to these workers, they would need enough to keep the workers motivated but not too much where the workers can get too close with clients and cause problems for the organisation. Another factor which highlighted by Horwitz (2003), was how the ownership of the firm (foreign or local) affects the practices and the attraction of these knowledge workers, this shows that the culture of the firm has a major impact on the motivation and attraction of these workers. â€Å"Foreign versus local ownership appears, therefore, to reflect differences in certain types of HR practices such as using headhunters and advertising media to recruit and select knowledge workers† (Horwitz, 2003). This shows us that the differing organisations from different cultures use approaches to which they think is best, and there is not a universal, â€Å"one fits all† approach which can be used globally. In addition to this they also found that â€Å"both wholly owned foreign and local firms found a fun and informal work environment more highly or fairly effective† (Horwitz, 2003), this shows us that the workers take a preference to an environment which is more informal and again changing from the conventional hierarchical approach. An example is when Horwitz (2003), describes how there are certain cultural requirements or standards within Singapore (where they did their study), for example they have large respect for the hierarchy and everybody seems to know their positions. This would affect the knowledge workers in the sense that if there is a major emphasis on hierarchies within the organisation, it may push them towards multi-national companies with different cultures. Also, if a firm is international, this attracts knowledge workers as it allows them to travel and experiment different cultures, whilst working for the same firm, this also builds on their experience and makes them a more valuable worker. Figure 1: Proposed schema for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers Source: Frank M. Horwitz. (2003). Finders, Keepers? Attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal. 13 (4), 23-44. HR practices Figure 1 shows a schema which proposed for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers, I believe that the elements that have been taken into consideration within the schema are critical and the schema is accurate, however, Horwitz (2003), says himself that it needs further hypotheses testing to make sure its accurate. In addition to this, it does not take into account anything about differing industries as for each industry, they found that different things motivated or attracted the knowledge workers, this is crucial as it again highlights that there cannot just simply be one standard approach or practice across all industries. According to Kinnear and Sutherland (2000), some researchers have found HR practices which they believe are vital for retention of knowledge workers and decrease the turnover of these workers. However, how could this be possible when there are so many factors that affect the different requirements of these workers and the HR practices required to accommodate these workers? The nature of work is exceedingly different, although there may be tensions between the two types of worker simply because, the knowledge workers are granted such high benefits and salaries. Again as per Figure 1, we can see that there is no consideration of normal workers, this implies further that these practices should be altered and suited for the knowledge workers. With altered practices it also shows that there is a possibility that it could affect the current employees’ chances of progression to get to the level of knowledge workers as the firm would invest so much into the recruitment of these knowledge workers, they would expect to find people that already have the knowledge and don’t require the training to work, simply just to settle in to the culture of the organisation. On the other hand, Frost (2002), goes on to also talk about how employers can distinguish between the two types of workers and thus, supports the claim that HR practices need to be different for the types of workers and this will allow them to both be happy and progress accordingly. In addition to this, Despres and Hiltrop (1995), state â€Å"traditional approaches to work remuneration and reward are no longer appropriate in a post-industrial knowledge economy† (Horwitz, 2003) this further reinforces the idea that new and fresh approaches are needed for knowledge workers and the industries need to move away from this old fashioned mentality as the industries are evolving more and more towards knowledge based organisations. A key thing that Horwitz (2003) found was that the most popular HR practices implemented by the organisations were not always the most effective, this can be questioned as the study was in Singapore, but I believe that it just simply reinforces that the culture of each country and organisation varies and thus would affect the wants and needs in HR practices from the knowledge workers. In addition to this, they say â€Å"There is increasing evidence that particular organisations are beginning to acknowledge that distinctive HR practices lead to better knowledge worker performance. (Horwitz, 2003) this again shows the link between altered practices for these workers has a positive impact on the work and the morale of the workers. The design of the job was stated as being high important as part of the satisfaction of the knowledge workers, as if it designed correctly, then this can have a positive impact on the morale, productivity and behaviour of the knowledge worker (Thompson and He ron, 2002). This again shows the importance of different practices for these types of jobs and not to just let them have a monotonous job style like the normal employees. Conclusion In conclusion, I agree with the initial claim that HR practices should be altered for knowledge workers. I have discovered the real sheer importance of these workers to organisations and how they add value to organisations, for this reason I believe the benefits that are afforded for them are fair and deserved and although they do require some changes which organisations are not accustomed to, for example, losing hierarchies, partnership style working, allowing them to work from home and other challenges the pose to HR, there are certain ways to attract, retain and motivate them. They also can be risky for a firm, with the ambiguity of their tasks and lack of control from the organisation, but if the firm can keep them happy and monitor in a suitable way, then the worker would be kept happy. Knowledge based companies especially should recognise the importance of tailoring HR practices for these workers, as they are what would give them the competitive advantage, they are also characterised as being innovative and this is key to any firm. Finally, I believe that these workers will shape the industry in the coming years, so firms should invest into finding the best HR practices which suit their own culture and organisations based also on their industry. References Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society: rise of the network society. Oxford, Blackwell. Despres, C. and Hiltrop, J. M. (1995), â€Å"Human resource management in the knowledge age: current practice and perspectives on the future†, Employee Relations, Vol. 17 No 1, pp. 9-23. Drucker (1999). Managing Oneself,† Management Challenges for the 21st Century. Frost, M (2002) `Managing knowledge workers’. HR Magazine, May, 47: 5, 124-126 Horwitz, F, 2003. Finders, Keepers? Attracting, Motivating and Retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal, 13/4, 23-44. Knell, J (2000) Most Wanted: The quiet birth of the free worker. Futures reports Kinnear and Sutherland (2000) `Determinants of organisational commitment amongst knowledge workers. ’ South African Journal of Business Management, 32: 2, 106-111. Lowendahl (1997) Strategic Management of Professional Service Firms Pink, D. H. (2002). Free agent nation: the future of working for yourself. New York, Warner Books. Swart, J. Kinnie, N. (2003) knowledge-intensive firms: the influence of the client on HR systems. HRMJ, 13 (3) 37-55 Thompson, M. and Heron, P. (2002). `The employment relationship and knowledge creation: evidence from RD based high technology firms. ’ EURAM Conference, Stockholm (May), 1-10. Williamson, Oliver (1975), Markets and hierarchies, analysis and antitrust implications Word Count : 3,242 including references How to cite Human Resources – Knowledge Workers, Papers

Curfews Essay Research Paper Curfews unfair ineffective free essay sample

Curfews Essay, Research Paper Curfews unfair, uneffective, and unconstitutional When you hear politicians and constabularies speaking about acquiring tough on # 8220 ; juvenile offense, # 8221 ; you may conceive of a school shot, like those that have late occurred in Jonesboro, Arkansas, and Springfield Oregon. Others may remember Television cartridge holders of immature people, sometimes covered by masks or paper bags to conceal their individualities, being dragged off in handlocks, as the telecasting speaks of coursers runing from colza to robbery. But in America today, more childs are arrested for curfew jurisprudence misdemeanors so any other individual class of offense, including all violent crimes-combined. Everyone from jurisprudence enforcement to the President have endorsed tougher curfew Torahs as being the solution to America # 8217 ; s offense sufferings, though none have of all time cited existent informations to turn out that directing 142,000 childs through the justness system for being out excessively tardily each twelvemonth reduces offense. They assume that anything that takes childs off the streets must cut down offense. We will write a custom essay sample on Curfews Essay Research Paper Curfews unfair ineffective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is no justification to juvenile curfews ( which may explicate why the Supreme Court did non compose an sentiment on the affair ) . Restricting an American # 8217 ; s freedom of motion is an obvious trespass over the First Amendment, and to saunter around a park or public square is barely the # 8220 ; clear and present danger # 8221 ; to the community normally required for such an violation. USA Today has described the Torahs as doing it # 8220 ; a offense to be young. # 8221 ; The American Civil Liberties Union # 8217 ; s ( ACLU ) John Horwarth told the Washington Post that curfew Torahs infringe on the rights of # 8220 ; all people, including the immature, to # 8230 ; by and large move about without intervention from governments unless and until they are really making something unlawful.† But a metropolis city manager or councilman has no demand for such rhetoric. Why worry about the First Amendment when one can claim to be cut downing the offense rate, yet affect no electors? The Conference of Mayors conducted a study of 347 metropoliss with a population over 30,000. About 80 per centum of the surveyed metropoliss have a nighttime young person curfew, and 26 per centum of these metropoliss besides have a daytime curfew. Nine out of 10 of the metropoliss said that implementing the young person curfew was a productive usage of a constabulary officer # 8217 ; s clip. Many said curfews give constabulary clip to concentrate on older felons. Approximately 10 per centum of the metropoliss surveyed felt that curfew enforcement was non the best usage of an officer # 8217 ; s clip. Some metropoliss besides complained that curfews increase the sum of paperwork they must treat. And some noted there is nowhere to take juvenile lawbreakers if their parents aren # 8217 ; t place. The metropoliss that did non happen curfews a utile tool argued that nighttime curfews place the metropolis in the parental function and do more offenses during non-curfew hours. It is hard to conceive of a more blazing misdemeanor of Constitutional rights than the curfew Torahs which restrict the motions of teens countrywide. The Supreme Court has refused to hear instances oppugning such Torahs, such as the Washington State Supreme Court # 8217 ; s 1973 opinion which stated that # 8220 ; mere sauntering or lounging on a public manner is lawful and the right of any adult male, adult female, or child. # 8221 ; The Bill of Rights, seemingly, still is merely applicable to those whom the authorities wishes to affranchise.

Key Elements of the Recruitment HR Assessment

Question: Describe about the Key Elements of the Recruitment for HR Assessment. Answer: The policies and the key elements of the recruitment and the selection process play the most vital role in selecting the most suitable candidate for the vacant position of the firm. The interview round with Miss Adams reveals her personal life details and suitability for the post of Customer Service Officer. As per the policies of Human resource management, it is very important for the candidates to highlight their marital status in the curriculum Vitae, as it provides the details of the employees. Miss Adams was supporting three of the children but the interview records do not evaluate the fact that whether she was married. For this, I would give her 1 star as the information was not adequate. She had done schooling up to midyear 9 high school level and this can be given as 1-star rating as she does not possess a good academic record (Armstrong, 2014). She held six jobs within past two years and this reflects her short term or un-stability in an organization which highlights her neg ative point and for this, I would give her average of a 2-star rating. The overall gap of six months in her job career so 2-star rating for this and the position varies from clerical work to waitressing and this is good to provide her good knowledge of different positions so for this I would give her 4 stars as it would be good for a customer service officer. Her commitment to working one more extra hour after office hours and for this she would be given 5 stars as this is good for the development of business process (Truss, Mankin, and Kelliher, 2012). She is located at 30kms from office so there might be the delay while reaching office and for this, I would give her 3 stars that are an average. References Armstrong, M. (2014).Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights free essay sample

This paper critically analyzes the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The following paper critically analyzes the United Nation?s Universal Declaration of Human Rights with reference to two events, that of racial apartheid that was the official policy of South Africa and the systematic raping of Bosnian women during the conflict in that region. From the paper: `According to the United Nation?s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ?Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. (UN Website)`

The Broken Spears essays

The Broken Spears essays Leon-Portilla, Miguel,ed. The Broken. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992 The Broken Spears written by Miguel Leon-Portilla is a book that goes into depth about the conquest of Mexico starting in 1519 from the point of view of the conquered Aztecs. The book talks about everything significant in the Aztec society that took place during this time of conquest. It goes over the first news of Cortez' and the Spaniards arrival. To Montecuhzoma's belief of the gods, and his association that he made between the Gods and the Spaniards. It goes over each single conquest That Cortez's troops made early. It also talks about the allies gained by the Spanish, and the acceptance of the Spanish and the surrender of Tenochtitlan. It also touches on the revolt of the Aztec people that lead to the terror and the end of the Aztec civilization. This book tells all this from the Aztec point of view. This book would be a great on to recommend to others. After reading this book one can say that the Aztec people went from the conquerors to the conquered. First the Aztecs were driven away by established tribes, then the Aztecs began to develop an empire of immense wealth and power by the late fifteenth century. The empire expanded to include many people from numerous tribes. One tribe that was apart of the Aztec empire were the Cempoala, who would later aid the Spanish in defeating the Aztecs. Because of the "Melting pot" within the empire, the Aztecs had a very diverse culture. However one man and his army brought the Aztecs to their knees. On November of 1519, the Aztec leader Montezuma received reports of small mountains floating off the Mexican coast. At one point the Spaniards were thought of to be Quetzalcoatl, the legendary figure who had one day promised to return from across the ocean. In distress Montezuma sent messengers bearing gifts to the Spanish ships, in order to greet these "gods". But, the Aztec leader was not alone in his attempt to gain acc ...

Organizational Change Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Change Paper - Essay Example Organizational psychology therefore is critical for the success and failure of the organization as its impact on achieving the desired level of performance from the employees is really significant. Historical roots of organizational psychology indicate that this discipline started as an off-shoot of industrial psychology and it is still considered as a part of it. However, over the period of time, the subject has evolved and included many new dimensions to the field of business management. What is also significant to understand that organizational psychology brought about a scientific approach in the field of business management? By linking the research with that of the organizational behavior, this discipline has basically opened new ways of understanding the human behavior in formal organizations and how that behavior can actually be modified to achieve the organizational objectives. The development of organizational psychology seems to be the result of multitude of factors which contributed to the development of this subject. The combination of external as well as internal factors led to the belief that psychology can be applied to solve the problems of the businesses and as such a new discipline of organizational psychology started to emerge. This definition indicates that the organizational psychology deals directly with the individual as well as group behaviors under the formal organizational environment and as such focus on exploiting and researching the behavior under different and variable circumstances so that it can be modified to achieve the strategic objectives of the firm. The work of Katz and Kahn further explored the idea of organizational psychology and concluded that organizational psychology is all about patterned human behavior because only patterned human behavior can allow a structure to evolve and as such under this formal structure

Information Technology- Information Retrieval Annotated Bibliography

Information Technology- Information Retrieval - Annotated Bibliography Example In this article, Chowdhury, Gibb and Landoni assess the ease at which a group of users is able to access information from a given source. This article is supported by a quantitative analysis conducted on users to support the necessity of considering uncertainties in the design of an information system. This article is useful in my case since it justifies the need for conducting studies on information retrieval and the possible risks involved. This article is a documentation of the development in the computing industry and the strategies implemented in adapting to changes in the field. Liu, McMahon and Culley describe the processes that led to the development of SDR technology. In the article, the authors explain the reasons behind development of the information retrieval (IR) technologies, such as incompatibility of files between the traditional and modern systems. This paper justifies the existence of the SDR in the engineering filed and its purpose in information retrieval. This article provides information on the challenges that led to the development of a better-structured information retrieval system. According to Tu and Seng, works involving IT technologies in the education sector is one of the fastest growing ventures. The article in question represents a collection of ideas from comprehensive studies in the information technology filed. The article by Tu and Seng is an attempt to congregate information on the information retrieval subject with considerations to current operational systems. The intelligence gathered exposes the need for continued studies in the information retrieval field. This article is useful in my study for it shows that perfection in the information retrieval subject has not yet been attained, there exists challenges. The article presents an exhaustive tutorial on the basics of applying information retrieval techniques to acquire useful information on a

News Management of Influenza Outbreak

News Management of Influenza Outbreak 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.0 NEWS MANAGEMENT The media is facing increasing pressure and demands from the public for timely and varied news stories in diverse angles. Media agencies are seeking above all to be the one-stop conduit of information for their audiences and the understanding of these pressures and angles can help organizations to not only cope with media attention but to also turn it to its advantage. News management according to Underwood (2010) is the process by which organizations attempt to take control of the flow of news to the media and setting the agenda for the media. The media will always want to set the agenda- which is what they consider as newsworthy. Organizations, ranging from businesses to political institutions all leverage this tactic to either establish a positive reputation or counteract public scrutiny in its activities. This is done through; issuing of press releases, holding press conferences and staging events which is also very powerful as a strategy to influence the media in its coverage. News agencies are considered to act as gatekeepers by seeking events and defining stories. The defining of stories that are newsworthy or not is done through a set of criteria called news values (Underwood, 2010). News value, as a criterion helps determine what makes a story and also, can make into the news. The selection of news events is determined by the creation of reality through choices of journalists related to their professional standards and what a journalist or editor considers an event is what they see to be an event and can make the news. For example, the opening of a multinational bank will make a potential news item than the same bank hiring new executives. Organisations can play the media at their own game through news values. For example, a political government choosing to announce details of an embarrassing report on the same day a latest report of an arrest of a corrupt official or an epidemic outbreak is announced. The arrest and epidemic issue may fit the mediaâ⠂¬â„¢s angle and thus rendering the report overlooked. News management within the context of political organisations is seen as a practical solution for governments and political actors to use the media in furthering their political goals. According to Pfetsch (1999), a particular selection and shaping of news is dependent on the institution, political and media context of a country. With political organizations’ objective of controlling information on the public agenda, through shaping media coverage makes news management an important factor. Political actors use news management as a way to manage contingencies, considering instances when the media is fed with information and the organisation still has no power to control the main news coverage. Framing and Spin-control are some of the strategies political organisations employ to control information. Framing as a structure of meaning and interpretation is seen to be connected to message contents, the media and the situation at hand (Klandermans, 1988). Spin-controlling is also a technique that is employed by political organisations in news management to fix results from happenings and to manage expectations of events about to happen (Bruce, 1992). This technique is used by organisations to stress more on features that is attractive to the target media and also avoid the features that are considered undesirable. For example, during election night news coverage, defeats in elections are interpreted as victories in front of television cameras. A typical example of a spin was the news during the September 11th World Trade Center came falling and Jo Moore sent Stephen Byers (Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and Regions) her boss a memo proposing â€Å"it’s now a very good day to get out anything we want to bury. Councillors expenses?† Unfortunately, the memo got leaked and she was reprimanded by her boss and there was a media onslaught and outrage. But on her part, it was a cynical spin which suggests she was able to divert attention on the serious event that has happened (Sparrow, 2001). Every organisation is potential for media scrutiny and needs to be prepared any time. Organisations always strive for brand recognition and reputation building through activities using public relations and advertising strategies; however, the media’s coverage during any event can be unsatisfactory. Therefore, when a crisis event hit an organisation, it isn’t difficult to see the media coming to knock on the door step to seek stories that are newsworthy. Organisations ultimate goal in news management should be to influence by all means possible what kind of news should appear in the media in any situation. Kotoka International Airport (KIA) has hit by a strain of influenza virus, has its image to protect in this crisis and as an organisation, it can only influence media coverage through setting the agenda for the media through an effective news management strategy. 2.0 INTRODUCTION An epidemic outbreak believed to be an influenza virus has come to the notice of the management at the Kotoka International Airport (KIA) in Ghana. Several cases have been reported within the last 3 hours and seven people including three children are now hospitalized and one passenger reported dead from the influenza virus but in another country. The KIA is an airport that has facilities and offers services in line with international standards. KIA has seen more than 2.6 million passengers in 2013. The recent reported a case on the passenger who died of the epidemic was reported to have been on a trip to Thailand. The international airport has structured standard procedures to handle and protect the lives of passengers through its Emergency Medical Services (EMS) but the media in Ghana is criticising KIA on its poor cleaning routines and hygienic practices in controlling the epidemic so far. As the media relations officer of KIA, this strategic plan is devised to manage the news and also counteract any media onslaught concerning the influenza epidemic. 2.1 Aim The aim of this plan is to get the public informed about the influenza outbreak, provide safety actions at the airport and to also assure the public with the trust and confidence of putting the crisis under control. The plan also seeks to counteract any form of media scrutiny and protect the reputation of the KIA. 2.3 Objectives The following are the objectives of the strategic media plan: To install confidence to travellers at the KIA and how management is working effectively to keep the outbreak under control within 72 hours. To inform and communicate facts on the outbreak and minimize rumours before the end of the second day. To promote a positive understanding of the epidemic response, mitigation and control programs in place by the end of 48 hours’ time. To maintain confidence and order in the safety and operations at KIA by the end of the week. 3.0 THE CRISIS COMMUNICATION TEAM (CCT) In the development and implementation of a strategic plan, the first step is the creation of a team who will plan the response and provide the media with all details pertaining to the influenza outbreak at KIA. All the employees will be informed with measures on the influenza epidemic but authorised not to respond to any media enquiries. The CCT will include the following: i. Director of Airports The Director of Airports is Dr Gani and has been serving in that office for 15 years with vast experience and knowledge on the business at the KIA. He will be in authority to direct, control and coordinate the overall management of the epidemic crisis. He will work closely with his deputy in to oversee all measures put in place to control the epidemic and also manage all the section/team heads. ii. Health and Safety Director Mrs Ganira as the director will be playing a very important role. She will be responsible for coordinating all health and safety functions during this emergency at KIA. She will coordinate with all departments and provide messages and information regarding safety conditions to help minimize the outbreak. She will also coordinate with health services for emergency responses and quarantining of affected passengers. iii. Public Information Officer (PIO) Miss Claudia will be responsible for managing all media enquiries and assists in the preparation and dissemination of information and brief the media before a press conference. Supervise and monitor all information for accuracy and consistency before being discharged into the public domain via the media. She will prepare the spokesperson for any press conference or interviews and also train him on regular basis. She will be in-charge of the Media Information Centre (MIC). Chief of Operations Mr Saah will lead the operations section in the development and implementation of the health standard measures. He will ensure the planning and logistics functions support at KIA. He will support the MIC with operational information. He will identify the deployment and actions of each team and also someone to keep a log on all activities throughout. 3.1 DESIGNATED SPOKESPERSON In considering someone as the spokesperson for the team, factors considered include someone who is a real communicator, has a respectable public figure and the media are familiar with and can convey accurate and important messages to the media and public. With such qualities, no other person can occupy that other than Mr Godwin, who is the Deputy Director of Airports. With his vast experience in his past work history as the director of operations for the Ministry of Health, he suits the position to be the spokesperson for the crisis team. 3.2 TIPS FOR THE SPOKESPERSON Every spokesperson is expected to know or possess some characteristics to be able to engage and utilise the media to the organisations advantage. The following tips are considered and followed to gain some form of representation from the media. He must know the policies of KIA and be informed thoroughly on any current information before engaged by the media. Show empathy with those affected but not using words like â€Å"we regret†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which might make it look like a lawsuit. During interviews or Press conferences: When reporters or journalists put up sticky questions to him, he must answer them but will bridge them to the key messages he wants to convey. Must avoid â€Å"No comment† phrase. He will need to avoid replying questions with that phrase he do not want to answer. Appropriate answers can be, â€Å"I don’t have that information with me now. May I research it and get back to you?† And avoid using jargons or acronyms when speaking with news reporters and stick to the facts. 4.0 KEY MESSAGES The key messages play a very important aspect during crisis communication. They need to be few in number, short and concise to the public through the media. Other factors considered for key messages include giving positive action steps, not speculating, use of pronouns and cut-to-the-chase. The message map below shows the key messages to be used. Table 1: Message map for the influenza pandemic crisis 5.0 STRATEGIC MEDIA CHANNELS Media agencies are every time seeking above all to be their audiences’ avenue for information and make it important for the organization to meet its needs. It is imperative for organizations to establish positive relationships with the news media to help build partnership during any situation. KIA has built a positive relationship with key news media agencies in the capital. Therefore during this crisis, KIA’s goal is to be accurate, timely and reliable with its news coverage. There are a wide range of available media channels KIA can employ to disseminate and engage the media to reach its audience. However, the success will depend on the unique and best conduit for widest possible audience. The following will be considered by KIA. 5.1 Press Conference The first action to be taken when KIA has news on the influenza strain within 1 hour to 2 hours is to extend an invitation to media representatives (See Appendix A for Ghana’s media) to attend a press conference. This will help project KIA with an authoritative image and with a credible message during the crisis. To do this, the press statements will be brief, true, and accurate. As first official information, the key messages will include elements like expression of concern for passenger’s welfare, confirmed facts and action steps, the process, commitment statement and where to go for more information and the spokesperson will stay on the key messages throughout. 5.2 Website The next within the 2 hour period of the crisis it to create a crisis page on KIA’s official website and updates will be continuing on any new development on the epidemic at the airport. 5.3 Press release Within 3 to 5 hours period, possible topics would have been identified and press release sent to both the traditional and social media. They will include facts on the epidemic at KIA, and will stay on the key messages 1, 2 and 3. A media kit will be included with detail facts sheets on the crisis at KIA. 5.4 Social Media Considered as the fastest and uncontrolled channels for information travel, KIA will engage the public through key social networking sites Facebook and Twitter. YouTube channel will also be used for broadcasting the information on the epidemic. All key messages will be tweeted often as well as images posted. This will help inform and give details on the epidemic at KIA and users can also engage with the team to know how the crisis is being controlled. Continues updating will be done. Facebook: [emailprotected] Twitter: [emailprotected] and all posts will start with a hash tag (#). Example: #kiainfluenza 5.5 Radio Since radio listening is one of the most listened media outlets, KIA will leverage this tool to reach the wider public through news shows and live talk shows within 42 hours of the crisis. ‘Talk radio’ will provide KIA an opportunity to speak directly on important health messages and share the actions KIA is taking to protect passengers and the spread of the influenza epidemic in the region. (see Appendix B for list of radio stations KIA will be hosted on) 6.0 MONITORING INFORMATION FLOW It is critical to monitor the news on both the traditional media and social media to identify and rectify rumours or misleading reportage. KIA will establish a Media Information Centre (MIC) to function as a central point for all epidemic-related communications and queries from the media. The MIC will serve as the media-monitoring office to monitor all news and make immediate responses. Appendices Appendix A Ghana’s Media Ghana’s media enjoys a high degree of media freedom and thus can pose a threat to organizations during a crisis event. They are free to criticise authorities without fear with a lively press and an often phone-in programs on many radio stations. Radio is the most popular medium with over 200 stations and many of them based in the main cities. The State-run media is the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC). The key media will be listed for the purpose of the plan Source: BBC (2013) Appendix B Schedule for Talk Radio shows References BRUCE, B., 1992. Images of Power. London: Kogan Page. Ghana profile, 2013. News Africa [online] Available on: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13433793 [Accessed on 6 January 2015] KLANDERMANS, B., 1988. The Formation and Mobilization of Consensus. In Nandermans, B., Kriesi Hans Peter, Tarrow Sidney (ed.), International Social Movement Research (Vol. 1, pp. 173-198). PFETSCH, B., 1999. Government news management: Strategic communication in comparative perspective. [online] Available on: https://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/49821/1/30895761X.pdf [Accessed on 6 January 2015] SPARROW, A. 2001. Sept. 11: A good day to bury bad news. [online] Available on: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1358985/Sept-11-a-good-day-to-bury-bad-news.html [Accessed on 6 January 2015] UNDERWOOD, M. 2010. News Management. [online] Available on: http://www.cultsock.org/index.php?page=media/setorder.html [Accessed on 6 January 2015]